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From Mac OS X 10.1 to Mac OS X 10.6, the feature would copy the selected text to the clipboard and read it from there. From Mac OS X 10.7 to Mac OS X 10.10, a new implementation of the feature required software developers to implement a speech synthesis API into their applications. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.
TTL (Time To Live) is a timer value included in packets sent over networks that tells the recipient how long to hold or use the packet before discarding and expiring the data (packet). TTL values are different for different Operating Systems. So, you can determine the OS based on the TTL value. You can get the TTL value by pinging an address. Here is the output got by pinging 'subinsb.com' on my system :
As you can see from the output, you got the TTL value. Since this website is hosted on a Red Hat system, it returned 57 which is close to 64 (TTL default value of Linux system). So, from this we can understand the OS of the remote system. Here are the default TTL values of different devices / Operating Systems :
Device / OS | Version | Protocol | TTL |
AIX | TCP | 60 | |
AIX | UDP | 30 | |
AIX | 3.2, 4.1 | ICMP | 255 |
BSDI | BSD/OS 3.1 and 4.0 | ICMP | 255 |
Compa | Tru64 v5.0 | ICMP | 64 |
Cisco | ICMP | 254 | |
DEC Pathworks | V5 | TCP and UDP | 30 |
Foundry | ICMP | 64 | |
FreeBSD | 2.1R | TCP and UDP | 64 |
FreeBSD | 3.4, 4.0 | ICMP | 255 |
FreeBSD | 5 | ICMP | 64 |
HP-UX | 9.0x | TCP and UDP | 30 |
HP-UX | 10.01 | TCP and UDP | 64 |
HP-UX | 10.2 | ICMP | 255 |
HP-UX | 11 | ICMP | 255 |
HP-UX | 11 | TCP | 64 |
Irix | 5.3 | TCP and UDP | 60 |
Irix | 6.x | TCP and UDP | 60 |
Irix | 6.5.3, 6.5.8 | ICMP | 255 |
juniper | ICMP | 64 | |
MPE/IX (HP) | ICMP | 200 | |
Linux | 2.0.x kernel | ICMP | 64 |
Linux | 2.2.14 kernel | ICMP | 255 |
Linux | 2.4 kernel | ICMP | 255 |
Linux | Red Hat 9 | ICMP and TCP | 64 |
MacOS/MacTCP | 2.0.x | TCP and UDP | 60 |
MacOS/MacTCP | X (10.5.6) | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 64 |
NetBSD | ICMP | 255 | |
Netgear FVG318 | ICMP and UDP | 64 | |
OpenBSD | 2.6 & 2.7 | ICMP | 255 |
OpenVMS | 07.01.2002 | ICMP | 255 |
OS/2 | TCP/IP 3.0 | 64 | |
OSF/1 | V3.2A | TCP | 60 |
OSF/1 | V3.2A | UDP | 30 |
Solaris | 2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 | ICMP | 255 |
Solaris | 2.8 | TCP | 64 |
Stratus | TCP_OS | ICMP | 255 |
Stratus | TCP_OS (14.2-) | TCP and UDP | 30 |
Stratus | TCP_OS (14.3+) | TCP and UDP | 64 |
Stratus | STCP | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 60 |
SunOS | 4.1.3/4.1.4 | TCP and UDP | 60 |
SunOS | 5.7 | ICMP and TCP | 255 |
Ultrix | V4.1/V4.2A | TCP | 60 |
Ultrix | V4.1/V4.2A | UDP | 30 |
Ultrix | V4.2 – 4.5 | ICMP | 255 |
VMS/Multinet | TCP and UDP | 64 | |
VMS/TCPware | TCP | 60 | |
VMS/TCPware | UDP | 64 | |
VMS/Wollongong | 1.1.1.1 | TCP | 128 |
VMS/Wollongong | 1.1.1.1 | UDP | 30 |
VMS/UCX | TCP and UDP | 128 | |
Windows | for Workgroups | TCP and UDP | 32 |
Windows | 95 | TCP and UDP | 32 |
Windows | 98 | ICMP | 32 |
Windows | 98, 98 SE | ICMP | 128 |
Windows | 98 | TCP | 128 |
Windows | NT 3.51 | TCP and UDP | 32 |
Windows | NT 4.0 | TCP and UDP | 128 |
Windows | NT 4.0 SP5- | 32 | |
Windows | NT 4.0 SP6+ | 128 | |
Windows | NT 4 WRKS SP 3, SP 6a | ICMP | 128 |
Windows | NT 4 Server SP4 | ICMP | 128 |
Windows | ME | ICMP | 128 |
Windows | 2000 pro | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
Windows | 2000 family | ICMP | 128 |
Windows | Server 2003 | 128 | |
Windows | XP | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
Windows | Vista | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
Windows | 7 | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
Windows | Server 2008 | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
Windows | 10 | ICMP/TCP/UDP | 128 |
I will update this table in the future when there’s a release of new important OS whenever I get the time. You can get the short version of default TTL values by this table :
Device / OS | TTL |
*nix (Linux/Unix) | 64 |
Windows | 128 |
Solaris/AIX | 254 |
You can find it yourself by pinging localhost as mentioned by :
How to start up in macOS from Windows
- From the notification area on the right side of the Windows taskbar, click to show hidden icons.
- Click the Boot Camp icon .
- From the menu shown, choose Restart in macOS.
If you haven't installed the latest Boot Camp updates, you might get the message ”Could not locate the OS X boot volume.'
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Or use Startup Manager as your Mac starts up:
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- Restart your Mac from the Start menu in Windows.
- Press and hold the Option (or Alt) ⌥ key as your Mac begins to restart.
- Select your Mac startup volume (Macintosh HD) in the Startup Manager window, then press Return or click the up arrow:
How to start up in Windows from macOS
- Use Startup Manager to choose your Windows (Boot Camp) volume during startup.
- Or select your Boot Camp volume in Startup Disk preferences, then restart.
Learn more
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- If you're having difficulty using VoiceOver or another screen reader to complete these steps, please contact Apple Support.
- Learn how to install Windows 10 on your Mac.